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Accessible & Livable Cities

We study how transportation and the built environment affect people’s ability to reach everyday destinations. Our work examines access by different travel modes, conditions for walking and cycling, and how infrastructure investment is distributed across communities.

Research Themes

15-Minute Cities & Multimodal Accessibility

We measure access to everyday destinations within 15 minutes by walking, cycling, and public transit. Comparisons across cities help us identify gaps in access and assess whether shorter trips and different mode choices could reduce travel emissions.

  • 15-Minute Cities
  • Accessibility
  • Multimodal Travel
  • Low-Carbon Mobility


Composite of city accessibility and carbon-emissions comparisons, street-view assessment, and a bicycle traffic-stress classification workflow.
Research examples linking multimodal accessibility, street environment, and bicycle traffic stress.
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Active Travel & Street Environment

This work examines how street conditions and perceived safety influence walking, cycling, and bike sharing. We evaluate bicycle routes using measures of traffic stress and study how street environments relate to travel choices, including those of older adults.

  • Walking
  • Cycling
  • Street Design
  • Level of Traffic Stress

Equity & Infrastructure Investment

Our infrastructure equity research examines where investment goes and which communities benefit. We analyze differences in investment and access to identify areas that may be underserved and inform decisions about where improvements are needed.

  • Infrastructure Equity
  • Spatial Disparities
  • Investment
  • Inclusive Mobility

Looking Ahead

We are extending this work to examine how changes in accessibility influence travel choices and how these responses should inform street and network design.

Related research examines how extreme heat affects visits to nearby destinations and access on foot, helping us understand when proximity alone may not ensure practical access.

  1. Urban Form
  2. Accessibility
  3. Behavioral Response
  4. Equity & Livability

Charts of temperature-related visitation patterns, nearby destination access, and changes in visits across metropolitan areas and destination categories.
Extreme heat, local visitation, and access to nearby destinations across metropolitan areas.
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Selected Publications

Accessibility & 15-Minute Cities

2024

Jin, T., Wang, K., Xin, Y., Shi, J., Hong, Y., & Witlox, F.

Is a 15-Minute City Within Reach? Measuring Multimodal Accessibility and Carbon Footprint in 12 Major American Cities.

Land Use Policy, 142, 107180.

Infrastructure Equity

2025

Chen, Z., Ki, D., Li, Z., & Wang, K.

Assessing equity in infrastructure investment distribution among U.S. cities.

Cities, 162, 105898.

Active Travel & Street Environment

2025

Jin, T., Wei, X., Cheng, L., Wang, K., Xin, Y., & Witlox, F.

Street matters: Linking perceived street environment to older adults’ bike-sharing.

Travel Behaviour and Society, 41, 101071.

2022

Wang, K., Akar, G., Cheng, L., Lee, K., & Sanders, M.

Investigating Level of Traffic Stress Tools for Evaluating Service and Improvement Opportunities on Bicycle Routes in Ohio.

Multimodal Transportation, 1(4), 100040.

2020

Wang, K., Akar, G., Lee, K., & Sanders, M.

Commuting patterns and bicycle level of traffic stress (LTS): Insights from spatially aggregated data in Franklin County, Ohio.

Journal of Transport Geography, 86, 102751.

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Research in the News